Where the hormone is produced | Hormone(s) secreted | Hormone function |
|---|
Adrenal glands | Aldosterone | Regulates salt, water balance, and blood pressure |
|---|
Adrenal glands | Corticosteroid | Controls key functions in the body; acts as an anti-inflammatory; maintains blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and muscle strength; regulates salt and water balance |
|---|
Pituitary gland | Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) | Affects water retention in kidneys; controls blood pressure |
|---|
Pituitary gland | Adrenocorticotropin | Controls production and secretion of adrenal cortex hormones (cortisol and aldosterone) |
|---|
Pituitary gland | Growth hormone (GH) | Affects growth and development; stimulates protein production; affects fat distribution |
|---|
Pituitary gland | Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | Controls reproductive functioning and sexual characteristics |
|---|
Pituitary gland | Oxytocin | Stimulates contraction of uterus and milk ducts in the breast |
|---|
Pituitary gland | Prolactin | Initiates and maintains milk production in breasts; impacts sex hormone levels |
|---|
Pituitary gland | Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | Stimulates the production and secretion of thyroid hormones |
|---|
Kidneys | Renin and angiotensin | Controls blood pressure |
|---|
Kidneys | Erythropoietin | Affects red blood cell (RBC) production |
|---|
Pancreas | Glucagon | Raises blood sugar levels |
|---|
Pancreas | Insulin | Lowers blood sugar levels; stimulates metabolism of glucose, protein, and fat |
|---|
Ovaries | Estrogen | Affects development of female sexual characteristics and reproductive development |
|---|
Ovaries | Progesterone | Stimulates the lining of the uterus for fertilization; prepares the breasts for milk production |
|---|
Parathyroid glands | Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | Affects bone formation and excretion of calcium and phosphorus |
|---|
Thyroid gland | Thyroid hormone | Affects growth, maturation, nervous system activity, and metabolism |
|---|
Adrenal glands | Epinephrine | Increases heart rate, oxygen intake, and blood flow |
Adrenal glands | Norepinephrine | Maintains normal body activities |
Testes (testicles) | Testosterone | Develop and maintain male sexual characteristics and maturation |
Pineal gland | Melatonin | May play a role in gonadotropin (sex hormones) regulation |
Hypothalamus | Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) | Regulates growth hormone release in the pituitary gland |
Hypothalamus | Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) | Regulates thyroid stimulating hormone release in the pituitary gland |
Hypothalamus | Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) | Regulates LH/FSH production in the pituitary gland |
Hypothalamus | Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) | Regulates adrenocorticotropin release in the pituitary gland |
Thymus | Humoral factors | Helps develop the lymphoid system |